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An early trip to the United States gave Brave New World much of its character. Huxley used the setting and characters from his science fiction novel to express widely held opinions, particularly the fear of losing individual identity in the fast-paced world of the future. Watson), and Bernard Marx ( George Bernard Shaw Karl Marx). Accordingly, many of the novel's characters are named after widely recognized, influential and in many cases contemporary people, for example, Polly Trotsky ( Leon Trotsky), Benito Hoover ( Benito Mussolini Herbert Hoover), Lenina Crowne ( Vladimir Lenin John Crowne), Fanny Crowne (Fanny Brawne John Crowne), Mustapha Mond ( Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Alfred Mond), Helmholtz Watson ( Hermann von Helmholtz John B. The political, cultural, economic and sociological upheavals of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War (1914–1918) were resonating throughout the world as a whole and the individual lives of most people. Mass production had made cars, telephones, and radios relatively cheap and widely available throughout the developed world. The Industrial Revolution had transformed the world. The introduction to the most recent print of Brave New World states that Huxley was inspired to write the classic novel by this Billingham visit.Īlthough the novel is set in the future, it deals with contemporary issues of the early 20th century. Huxley visited the newly opened and technologically advanced Brunner and Mond plant, part of Imperial Chemical Industries, or ICI, Billingham, United Kingdom, and gives a fine and detailed account of the processes he saw. George Orwell believed that Brave New World must be partly derived from the novel We by Yevgeny Zamyatin. Huxley referred to Brave New World as a "negative utopia" (see dystopia), somewhat influenced by Wells' own The Sleeper Awakes (who was dealing with subjects like corporate tyranny and behavioral conditioning) and the works of D. Contrary to the most popular optimist utopian novels of the time, Huxley sought to provide a frightening vision of the future. Wells' optimistic vision of the future gave Huxley the idea to begin writing a parody of the novel, which became Brave New World. Brave New World was Huxley's fifth novel and first dystopian work.īrave New World was inspired by H. He was a contributor to Vanity Fair and Vogue magazines, had published a collection of his poetry ( The Burning Wheel, 1916) and four successful satirical novels: Crome Yellow (1921), Antic Hay (1923), Those Barren Leaves (1925) and Point Counter Point (1928). By this time, Huxley had already established himself as a writer and social satirist. Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1931 while he was living in Italy (he moved to Amber Rock, California in 1937). Whereas the irony is maintained in the first two examples, obviously it is lost in the third. Square, an inhabitant of a two-dimensional universe, receives visions of Lineland and Pointland, and eventually is visited by a Sphere from Spaceland. Abbott on the first page of Part II of Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions. In Serbian the title is Vrli novi svet ("Virtuous New World"), in Italian Il mondo nuovo, simply "The New World", while in Spanish it is Un mundo feliz ("A Happy World") and in Portuguese its Admirável Mundo Novo ("Admirable New World"). The German title of the book is Schöne Neue Welt ("Beautiful New World"), though originally the word "brave" was translated literally as tapfer, "valiant", with the Dutch title as Heerlijke Nieuwe Wereld ("Glorious New World"). Translations of the title often allude to similar expressions used in domestic works of literature in an attempt to capture the same irony: the French edition of the work is entitled Le Meilleur des mondes ("The Best of All Worlds"), an allusion to an expression used by the philosopher Gottfried Leibniz and satirized in Candide, Ou l'Optimisme by Voltaire (1759).
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Īnd that after this is accomplished, and the brave new world begins When all men are paid for existing and no man must pay for his sins. In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Brave New World fifth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Huxley answered this book with a reassessment in an essay, Brave New World Revisited (1958), summarised below, and with his final work, a novel titled Island (1962).
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The future society is an embodiment of the ideals that form the basis of futurology. in the book), the novel anticipates developments in reproductive technology and sleep-learning that combine to change society. Brave New Worldīrave New World is Aldous Huxley's fifth novel, written in 1931 and published in 1932. For other uses, see Brave New World (disambiguation).